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Carl Oswald Bulla or Karl Karlovich Bulla ((ロシア語:Карл Карлович Булла); 26 February 1855〔(Karl Karlovich Bulla ) in Encyclopedia Peoples.ru 〕 or 1853〔(''Karl Bulla and Sons'' ) article on Artproject.ru 〕 – 1929) was a German-Russian photographer, often referred to as the "father of Russian photo-reporting".〔(''Karl Bulla: The Father of Russian Photo-reporting'' ) "Глаза и уши Петербурга", 2004〕 ==Biography== Carl Oswald Bulla was born in Leobschütz in Prussia (now Poland). His exact birth year is unclear with some references citing 1853〔 then others citing 1855.〔 In 1865 the adventurous boy ran away from his family to St. Petersburg, Russian Empire. The reasons prompting the boy to choose Russia out of all possible destinations are as yet unknown.〔 After arriving in St. Petersburg, Bulla started to work as a delivery-boy in the firm ''Dupant'' that made and sold photography supplies. Soon his responsibilities included handmaking (coating and sensitizing) of the photographic glass negative plates. At the age of twenty Bulla opened a small factory producing "momentary dry bromine-gelatin plates". Buying the readymade photographic materials was much more convenient than handmaking their own and soon Bulla's plates became popular, selling not only in St.Petersburg but across the whole Russian Empire.〔 In February 1876 Bulla requested his naturalization and in July 1876 became a citizen of the Russian Empire.〔 In 1875 Bulla opened his first photographic studio at 61 Garden Street, and soon became a fashionable photographer. For ten years he worked there doing pavilion portrait photography. Then in 1886 he received the permit from the St.Petersburg Police allowing him to take pictures everywhere. While he did not abandon studio photography (in fact he opened two more studios: on the Catherine Canal and on Nevsky Prospekt) but became more in more involved into photography of city life.〔 At the end of the 19th century newspaper printing technology allowed the publishing of photographs. In 1894 Russian Department of Post and Telegraphs also allowed use of postcards. Both events significantly increased the demand for photographs.〔 In 1895 Bulla stopped his production of photographic supplies〔 and put all his energy into photography. In his advertisement he wrote "The oldest photographer-illustrator Karl Bulla photographs for the illustrated magazines anything and anywhere without limits from the landscape or the building, indoor or outdoor day or night at the artificial light".〔 Indeed, he photographed everything and anything: Life of Tsar family and assemblies of anti-government intelligentsia, stars of scene and manual workers, palaces and hostels for homeless, even such exotics as gay parties.〔(Gay Camp, Old Russian Style )〕 Bulla was on the editorial board of many magazines including popular Niva.〔 In 1910s the annual revenue of the firm "Bulla and Sons" reached 250 thousand roubles.〔 In 1916 Bulla passed the management of the firm "Bulla and sons" to his sons Alexander and Victor and moved to Ösel Island (currently Saaremaa, Estonia). He lived a quiet life there, photographing the local ethnographic material and teaching Estonian boys the basics of photography until his death in 1929.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Karl Bulla」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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